dpp4 and glp-1 Mechanism of action for GIP, analogues inhibitors in Cardiovascular effects of DPP-4 inhibition:

This approach improves GHK-Cu peptide bioavailability in the central nervous system and avoids potential toxicity associated with systemic copper overload

meningitidis MC58 strain was shown to be internalized into the endothelial cells and to cross the barrier within 24 hours without disruption of junctional proteins or alteration in TEER, indicating a transcellular crossing (Endres et al., 2022)

Research published over several decades indicates that GHK-Cu modulates a broad array of biological processes at the cellular level

Even GLP-1 agonist drugs like semaglutide are indicated to work with healthy diet and regular exercise 1